weka.classifiers.meta
Class ThresholdSelector

java.lang.Object
  weka.classifiers.Classifier
      weka.classifiers.meta.ThresholdSelector

All Implemented Interfaces:

java.lang.Cloneable, Drawable, OptionHandler, java.io.Serializable

public class ThresholdSelector

extends Classifier

implements OptionHandler, Drawable

Class for selecting a threshold on a probability output by a distribution classifier. The threshold is set so that a given performance measure is optimized. Currently this is the F-measure. Performance is measured either on the training data, a hold-out set or using cross-validation. In addition, the probabilities returned by the base learner can have their range expanded so that the output probabilities will reside between 0 and 1 (this is useful if the scheme normally produces probabilities in a very narrow range).

Valid options are:

-C num
The class for which threshold is determined. Valid values are: 1, 2 (for first and second classes, respectively), 3 (for whichever class is least frequent), 4 (for whichever class value is most frequent), and 5 (for the first class named any of "yes","pos(itive)", "1", or method 3 if no matches). (default 5).

-W classname
Specify the full class name of the base classifier.

-X num
Number of folds used for cross validation. If just a hold-out set is used, this determines the size of the hold-out set (default 3).

-R integer
Sets whether confidence range correction is applied. This can be used to ensure the confidences range from 0 to 1. Use 0 for no range correction, 1 for correction based on the min/max values seen during threshold selection (default 0).

-S seed
Random number seed (default 1).

-E integer
Sets the evaluation mode. Use 0 for evaluation using cross-validation, 1 for evaluation using hold-out set, and 2 for evaluation on the training data (default 1).

Options after -- are passed to the designated sub-classifier.

Version:

$Revision: 1.29 $

Author:

Eibe Frank (eibe@cs.waikato.ac.nz)

See Also:

Serialized Form

Field Summary

static int	EVAL_CROSS_VALIDATION
static int	EVAL_TRAINING_SET
static int	EVAL_TUNED_SPLIT
protected double	m_BestThreshold The threshold that lead to the best performance
protected double	m_BestValue The best value that has been observed
protected Classifier	m_Classifier The generated base classifier
protected int	m_ClassMode Method to determine which class to optimize for
protected int	m_DesignatedClass Designated class value, determined during building
protected int	m_EvalMode The evaluation mode
protected double	m_HighThreshold The upper threshold used as the basis of correction
protected double	m_LowThreshold The lower threshold used as the basis of correction
protected int	m_NumXValFolds The number of folds used in cross-validation
protected int	m_RangeMode The range correction mode
protected int	m_Seed Random number seed
protected static double	MIN_VALUE The minimum value for the criterion.
static int	OPTIMIZE_0
static int	OPTIMIZE_1
static int	OPTIMIZE_LFREQ
static int	OPTIMIZE_MFREQ
static int	OPTIMIZE_POS_NAME
static int	RANGE_BOUNDS
static int	RANGE_NONE
static Tag[]	TAGS_EVAL
static Tag[]	TAGS_OPTIMIZE
static Tag[]	TAGS_RANGE

Fields inherited from class weka.classifiers.Classifier

m_Debug

Fields inherited from interface weka.core.Drawable

BayesNet, NOT_DRAWABLE, TREE

Constructor Summary

ThresholdSelector()

Method Summary

void	buildClassifier(Instances instances) Generates the classifier.
private boolean	checkForInstance(Instances data) Checks whether instance of designated class is in subset.
java.lang.String	classifierTipText()
java.lang.String	designatedClassTipText()
double[]	distributionForInstance(Instance instance) Calculates the class membership probabilities for the given test instance.
java.lang.String	evaluationModeTipText()
protected void	findThreshold(FastVector predictions) Finds the best threshold, this implementation searches for the highest FMeasure.
Classifier	getClassifier() Get the Classifier used as the classifier.
protected java.lang.String	getClassifierSpec() Gets the classifier specification string, which contains the class name of the classifier and any options to the classifier
SelectedTag	getDesignatedClass() Gets the method to determine which class value to optimize.
SelectedTag	getEvaluationMode() Gets the evaluation mode used.
int	getNumXValFolds() Get the number of folds used for cross-validation.
java.lang.String[]	getOptions() Gets the current settings of the Classifier.
protected FastVector	getPredictions(Instances instances, int mode, int numFolds) Collects the classifier predictions using the specified evaluation method.
SelectedTag	getRangeCorrection() Gets the confidence range correction mode used.
int	getSeed() Gets the random number seed.
java.lang.String	globalInfo()
java.lang.String	graph() Returns graph describing the classifier (if possible).
int	graphType() Returns the type of graph this classifier represents.
java.util.Enumeration	listOptions() Returns an enumeration describing the available options.
static void	main(java.lang.String[] argv) Main method for testing this class.
java.lang.String	numXValFoldsTipText()
java.lang.String	rangeCorrectionTipText()
java.lang.String	seedTipText()
void	setClassifier(Classifier newClassifier) Set the Classifier for which threshold is set.
void	setDesignatedClass(SelectedTag newMethod) Sets the method to determine which class value to optimize.
void	setEvaluationMode(SelectedTag newMethod) Sets the evaluation mode used.
void	setNumXValFolds(int newNumFolds) Set the number of folds used for cross-validation.
void	setOptions(java.lang.String[] options) Parses a given list of options.
void	setRangeCorrection(SelectedTag newMethod) Sets the confidence range correction mode used.
void	setSeed(int seed) Sets the seed for random number generation.
java.lang.String	toString() Returns description of the cross-validated classifier.

Methods inherited from class weka.classifiers.Classifier

classifyInstance, debugTipText, forName, getDebug, makeCopies, setDebug

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Field Detail

RANGE_NONE

public static final int RANGE_NONE

See Also:

Constant Field Values

RANGE_BOUNDS

public static final int RANGE_BOUNDS

See Also:

Constant Field Values

TAGS_RANGE

public static final Tag[] TAGS_RANGE

EVAL_TRAINING_SET

public static final int EVAL_TRAINING_SET

See Also:

Constant Field Values

EVAL_TUNED_SPLIT

public static final int EVAL_TUNED_SPLIT

See Also:

Constant Field Values

EVAL_CROSS_VALIDATION

public static final int EVAL_CROSS_VALIDATION

See Also:

Constant Field Values

TAGS_EVAL

public static final Tag[] TAGS_EVAL

OPTIMIZE_0

public static final int OPTIMIZE_0

See Also:

Constant Field Values

OPTIMIZE_1

public static final int OPTIMIZE_1

See Also:

Constant Field Values

OPTIMIZE_LFREQ

public static final int OPTIMIZE_LFREQ

See Also:

Constant Field Values

OPTIMIZE_MFREQ

public static final int OPTIMIZE_MFREQ

See Also:

Constant Field Values

OPTIMIZE_POS_NAME

public static final int OPTIMIZE_POS_NAME

See Also:

Constant Field Values

TAGS_OPTIMIZE

public static final Tag[] TAGS_OPTIMIZE

m_Classifier

protected Classifier m_Classifier

The generated base classifier

m_HighThreshold

protected double m_HighThreshold

The upper threshold used as the basis of correction

m_LowThreshold

protected double m_LowThreshold

The lower threshold used as the basis of correction

m_BestThreshold

protected double m_BestThreshold

The threshold that lead to the best performance

m_BestValue

protected double m_BestValue

The best value that has been observed

m_NumXValFolds

protected int m_NumXValFolds

The number of folds used in cross-validation

m_Seed

protected int m_Seed

Random number seed

m_DesignatedClass

protected int m_DesignatedClass

Designated class value, determined during building

m_ClassMode

protected int m_ClassMode

Method to determine which class to optimize for

m_EvalMode

protected int m_EvalMode

The evaluation mode

m_RangeMode

protected int m_RangeMode

The range correction mode

MIN_VALUE

protected static final double MIN_VALUE

The minimum value for the criterion. If threshold adjustment yields less than that, the default threshold of 0.5 is used.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

Constructor Detail

ThresholdSelector

public ThresholdSelector()

Method Detail

getPredictions

protected FastVector getPredictions(Instances instances,
                                    int mode,
                                    int numFolds)
                             throws java.lang.Exception

Collects the classifier predictions using the specified evaluation method.

Parameters:

instances - the set of Instances to generate predictions for.

mode - the evaluation mode.

numFolds - the number of folds to use if not evaluating on the full training set.

Returns:

a FastVector containing the predictions.

Throws:

java.lang.Exception - if an error occurs generating the predictions.

findThreshold

protected void findThreshold(FastVector predictions)

Finds the best threshold, this implementation searches for the highest FMeasure. If no FMeasure higher than MIN_VALUE is found, the default threshold of 0.5 is used.

Parameters:

predictions - a FastVector containing the predictions.

listOptions

public java.util.Enumeration listOptions()

Returns an enumeration describing the available options.

Specified by:

listOptions in interface OptionHandler

Overrides:

listOptions in class Classifier

Returns:

an enumeration of all the available options.

setOptions

public void setOptions(java.lang.String[] options)
                throws java.lang.Exception

Parses a given list of options. Valid options are:

-C num
The class for which threshold is determined. Valid values are: 1, 2 (for first and second classes, respectively), 3 (for whichever class is least frequent), 4 (for whichever class value is most frequent), and 5 (for the first class named any of "yes","pos(itive)", "1", or method 3 if no matches). (default 3).

-W classname
Specify the full class name of classifier to perform cross-validation selection on.

-X num
Number of folds used for cross validation. If just a hold-out set is used, this determines the size of the hold-out set (default 3).

-R integer
Sets whether confidence range correction is applied. This can be used to ensure the confidences range from 0 to 1. Use 0 for no range correction, 1 for correction based on the min/max values seen during threshold selection (default 0).

-S seed
Random number seed (default 1).

-E integer
Sets the evaluation mode. Use 0 for evaluation using cross-validation, 1 for evaluation using hold-out set, and 2 for evaluation on the training data (default 1).

Options after -- are passed to the designated sub-classifier.

Specified by:

setOptions in interface OptionHandler

Overrides:

setOptions in class Classifier

Parameters:

options - the list of options as an array of strings

Throws:

java.lang.Exception - if an option is not supported

getOptions

public java.lang.String[] getOptions()

Gets the current settings of the Classifier.

Specified by:

getOptions in interface OptionHandler

Overrides:

getOptions in class Classifier

Returns:

an array of strings suitable for passing to setOptions

buildClassifier

public void buildClassifier(Instances instances)
                     throws java.lang.Exception

Generates the classifier.

Specified by:

buildClassifier in class Classifier

Parameters:

instances - set of instances serving as training data

Throws:

java.lang.Exception - if the classifier has not been generated successfully

checkForInstance

private boolean checkForInstance(Instances data)
                          throws java.lang.Exception

Checks whether instance of designated class is in subset.

Throws:

java.lang.Exception

distributionForInstance

public double[] distributionForInstance(Instance instance)
                                 throws java.lang.Exception

Calculates the class membership probabilities for the given test instance.

Overrides:

distributionForInstance in class Classifier

Parameters:

instance - the instance to be classified

Returns:

predicted class probability distribution

Throws:

java.lang.Exception - if instance could not be classified successfully

globalInfo

public java.lang.String globalInfo()

Returns:

a description of the classifier suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui

designatedClassTipText

public java.lang.String designatedClassTipText()

Returns:

tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui

getDesignatedClass

public SelectedTag getDesignatedClass()

Gets the method to determine which class value to optimize. Will be one of OPTIMIZE_0, OPTIMIZE_1, OPTIMIZE_LFREQ, OPTIMIZE_MFREQ, OPTIMIZE_POS_NAME.

Returns:

the class selection mode.

setDesignatedClass

public void setDesignatedClass(SelectedTag newMethod)

Sets the method to determine which class value to optimize. Will be one of OPTIMIZE_0, OPTIMIZE_1, OPTIMIZE_LFREQ, OPTIMIZE_MFREQ, OPTIMIZE_POS_NAME.

Parameters:

newMethod - the new class selection mode.

evaluationModeTipText

public java.lang.String evaluationModeTipText()

Returns:

tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui

setEvaluationMode

public void setEvaluationMode(SelectedTag newMethod)

Sets the evaluation mode used. Will be one of EVAL_TRAINING, EVAL_TUNED_SPLIT, or EVAL_CROSS_VALIDATION

Parameters:

newMethod - the new evaluation mode.

getEvaluationMode

public SelectedTag getEvaluationMode()

Gets the evaluation mode used. Will be one of EVAL_TRAINING, EVAL_TUNED_SPLIT, or EVAL_CROSS_VALIDATION

Returns:

the evaluation mode.

rangeCorrectionTipText

public java.lang.String rangeCorrectionTipText()

Returns:

tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui

setRangeCorrection

public void setRangeCorrection(SelectedTag newMethod)

Sets the confidence range correction mode used. Will be one of RANGE_NONE, or RANGE_BOUNDS

Parameters:

newMethod - the new correciton mode.

getRangeCorrection

public SelectedTag getRangeCorrection()

Gets the confidence range correction mode used. Will be one of RANGE_NONE, or RANGE_BOUNDS

Returns:

the confidence correction mode.

seedTipText

public java.lang.String seedTipText()

Returns:

tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui

setSeed

public void setSeed(int seed)

Sets the seed for random number generation.

Parameters:

seed - the random number seed

getSeed

public int getSeed()

Gets the random number seed.

Returns:

the random number seed

numXValFoldsTipText

public java.lang.String numXValFoldsTipText()

Returns:

tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui

getNumXValFolds

public int getNumXValFolds()

Get the number of folds used for cross-validation.

Returns:

the number of folds used for cross-validation.

setNumXValFolds

public void setNumXValFolds(int newNumFolds)

Set the number of folds used for cross-validation.

Parameters:

newNumFolds - the number of folds used for cross-validation.

classifierTipText

public java.lang.String classifierTipText()

Returns:

tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui

setClassifier

public void setClassifier(Classifier newClassifier)

Set the Classifier for which threshold is set.

Parameters:

newClassifier - the Classifier to use.

getClassifier

public Classifier getClassifier()

Get the Classifier used as the classifier.

Returns:

the classifier used as the classifier

getClassifierSpec

protected java.lang.String getClassifierSpec()

Gets the classifier specification string, which contains the class name of the classifier and any options to the classifier

Returns:

the classifier string.

graphType

public int graphType()

Returns the type of graph this classifier represents.

Specified by:

graphType in interface Drawable

Returns:

the type of graph representing the object

graph

public java.lang.String graph()
                       throws java.lang.Exception

Returns graph describing the classifier (if possible).

Specified by:

graph in interface Drawable

Returns:

the graph of the classifier in dotty format

Throws:

java.lang.Exception - if the classifier cannot be graphed

toString

public java.lang.String toString()

Returns description of the cross-validated classifier.

Returns:

description of the cross-validated classifier as a string

main

public static void main(java.lang.String[] argv)

Main method for testing this class.

Parameters:

argv - the options